/* Afterwave — Fiducial design system, minimal edition. One signal colour, reserved for what failed. */
:root{
  --bg:#0a0a0a;--bg-2:#111110;--line:#232322;--line-2:#333331;
  --text:#ededeb;--muted:#8c8c89;--dim:#5d5d5b;--red:#e5482f;
  --sans:"Hanken Grotesk",system-ui,-apple-system,"Segoe UI",sans-serif;
  --mono:"IBM Plex Mono",ui-monospace,Menlo,monospace;
  --ease:cubic-bezier(.2,.7,.1,1);
  --pad:clamp(20px,7vw,120px);
  color-scheme:dark;
}
@view-transition{navigation:auto}
::view-transition-old(root),::view-transition-new(root){animation-duration:.45s;animation-timing-function:var(--ease)}
*{box-sizing:border-box}
html{background:var(--bg);-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%}
body{margin:0;background:var(--bg);color:var(--text);font-family:var(--sans);font-size:16px;line-height:1.6;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;overflow-x:hidden;animation:pagein .8s var(--ease) both}
@keyframes pagein{from{opacity:0}to{opacity:1}}
a{color:inherit}
::selection{background:var(--red);color:#fff}
:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--red);outline-offset:3px}
h1,h2,h3{margin:0;font-weight:300;letter-spacing:-.025em;text-wrap:balance}
p{margin:0}
.wrap{max-width:calc(1240px + 2 * var(--pad));margin:0 auto;padding:0 var(--pad)}

/* nav: just the mark and two words */
.nav{position:fixed;inset:0 0 auto 0;z-index:20;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;padding:22px var(--pad);transition:background .4s var(--ease),backdrop-filter .4s}
.nav.solid{background:rgba(10,10,10,.7);backdrop-filter:blur(14px);-webkit-backdrop-filter:blur(14px)}
.lockup{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;text-decoration:none}
.lockup svg{width:20px;height:20px}
.lockup span{font-weight:500;font-size:20px;letter-spacing:-.025em;line-height:1}
.nav-links{display:flex;gap:28px}
.nav-links a{font-size:15px;color:var(--muted);text-decoration:none;transition:color .2s}
.nav-links a:hover,.nav-links a[aria-current="page"]{color:var(--text)}

/* buttons */
.btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;height:46px;padding:0 20px;border-radius:999px;font:500 15px var(--sans);text-decoration:none;transition:background .25s var(--ease),color .25s,border-color .25s}
.btn-light{background:var(--text);color:#0a0a0a}
.btn-light:hover{background:#fff}
.link{color:var(--muted);text-decoration:none;font-size:15px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line-2);padding-bottom:2px;transition:color .2s,border-color .2s}
.link:hover{color:var(--text);border-color:var(--text)}
.actions{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:28px;margin-top:40px}

/* landing: fixed 3D stage, chapters scroll over it */
#stage{position:fixed;inset:0;width:100%;height:100%;display:block;z-index:0}
.shade{position:fixed;inset:0;z-index:1;pointer-events:none;background:linear-gradient(90deg,rgba(10,10,10,.88) 0%,rgba(10,10,10,.6) 32%,rgba(10,10,10,0) 56%)}
@media(max-width:820px){.shade{background:linear-gradient(0deg,rgba(10,10,10,.9) 0%,rgba(10,10,10,.5) 45%,rgba(10,10,10,0) 70%)}}
main.story{position:relative;z-index:2}
.chapter{min-height:100svh;display:flex;align-items:center;padding:120px var(--pad)}
.chapter.hero{align-items:flex-end;padding-bottom:clamp(72px,13vh,150px)}
@media(max-width:820px){.chapter{align-items:flex-end;padding-bottom:12vh}}
.copy{max-width:540px}
.hero .copy{max-width:860px}
.display{font-size:clamp(42px,5.8vw,86px);line-height:1;letter-spacing:-.035em}
.display .soft,.title .soft{color:var(--muted)}
.title{font-size:clamp(34px,4.2vw,60px);line-height:1.04}
.lede{margin-top:26px;font-size:clamp(17px,1.45vw,20px);line-height:1.55;color:var(--muted);max-width:560px;font-weight:300}
.lede b{color:var(--text);font-weight:400}
.lede .r{color:var(--red)}
.note{margin-top:18px;font-size:13px;color:var(--dim);max-width:460px}
.fade{opacity:0;transform:translateY(24px);transition:opacity 1.1s var(--ease),transform 1.1s var(--ease)}
.fade.in{opacity:1;transform:none}
.fade.d1{transition-delay:.12s}.fade.d2{transition-delay:.24s}
.cue{position:absolute;left:50%;bottom:28px;width:1px;height:44px;background:linear-gradient(var(--muted),transparent);transform:translateX(-50%);animation:cue 2.4s var(--ease) infinite}
@keyframes cue{0%{opacity:0;transform:translate(-50%,-10px)}40%{opacity:1}100%{opacity:0;transform:translate(-50%,10px)}}
.end{min-height:100svh;display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;padding:120px var(--pad) 0;background:linear-gradient(180deg,rgba(10,10,10,0),var(--bg) 35%)}
.end .title{max-width:760px}

/* footer */
.foot{position:relative;z-index:2;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:16px;flex-wrap:wrap;padding:40px var(--pad);color:var(--dim);font-size:14px;background:var(--bg)}
.foot a{color:var(--muted);text-decoration:none}
.foot a:hover{color:var(--text)}
.foot nav{display:flex;gap:24px}

/* inner pages */
.page{padding:clamp(150px,20vw,220px) 0 clamp(80px,10vw,140px);min-height:calc(100svh - 110px)}
.page .display{font-size:clamp(44px,6vw,84px)}
.cards{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:clamp(16px,2vw,28px);margin-top:clamp(56px,7vw,96px)}
@media(max-width:980px){.cards{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}}
@media(max-width:620px){.cards{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr)}}
.card{display:block;text-decoration:none;color:var(--text)}
.card .fig{aspect-ratio:4/3;border-radius:10px;overflow:hidden;background:var(--bg-2);transition:transform .7s var(--ease)}
.card .fig canvas{display:block;width:100%;height:100%;transition:opacity .5s}
.card:hover .fig{transform:scale(.985)}
.card h3{margin-top:18px;font-size:20px;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:-.01em}
.card p{margin-top:6px;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--muted)}
.card .date{display:block;margin-top:14px;font-size:13px;color:var(--dim)}

/* reader: pure CSS, opened by #id */
.reader{display:none;position:fixed;inset:0;z-index:40;overflow-y:auto;background:var(--bg);animation:readin .5s var(--ease) both}
.reader:target{display:block}
@keyframes readin{from{opacity:0;transform:translateY(16px)}to{opacity:1;transform:none}}
.reader-in{max-width:720px;margin:0 auto;padding:110px 24px 120px}
.reader .close{position:fixed;top:22px;right:var(--pad);z-index:41;color:var(--muted);text-decoration:none;font-size:15px}
.reader .close:hover{color:var(--text)}
.reader .date{color:var(--dim);font-size:14px}
.reader h1{margin-top:14px;font-size:clamp(34px,4.6vw,54px);line-height:1.06}
.reader .abstract{margin-top:28px;font-size:20px;line-height:1.6;font-weight:300;color:var(--text)}
.reader h2{margin-top:52px;font-size:24px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:-.015em}
.reader p{margin-top:14px;font-size:17px;line-height:1.75;color:var(--muted)}
.reader .fig{margin-top:40px;aspect-ratio:16/8;border-radius:10px;overflow:hidden;background:var(--bg-2)}
.reader .fig canvas{display:block;width:100%;height:100%}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){*{animation:none!important;transition:none!important}.fade{opacity:1;transform:none}}

/* research index */
.entries{display:grid;gap:clamp(40px,5vw,72px);margin-top:clamp(56px,7vw,96px)}
.entry{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,5fr) minmax(0,6fr);gap:clamp(24px,4vw,64px);align-items:center;text-decoration:none;color:var(--text)}
.entry-fig{border-radius:10px;overflow:hidden;background:var(--bg-2);border:1px solid var(--line);transition:border-color .4s var(--ease)}
.entry-fig svg{display:block;width:100%;height:auto}
.entry:hover .entry-fig{border-color:var(--line-2)}
.entry .kicker{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--dim)}
.entry h2{margin-top:12px;font-size:clamp(26px,2.6vw,36px);line-height:1.12}
.entry p{margin-top:14px;color:var(--muted);font-size:16px;line-height:1.6;max-width:560px}
.entry .link{display:inline-block;margin-top:22px}
@media(max-width:820px){.entry{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr)}}

/* article */
.article{max-width:1320px;margin:0 auto;padding:clamp(110px,12vw,150px) 24px 120px}
.art-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:220px minmax(0,1fr);gap:clamp(32px,4vw,64px);align-items:start}
.art-body{min-width:0}
.article .back{color:var(--muted);text-decoration:none;font-size:14px}
.article .back:hover{color:var(--text)}
.art-body > *,.art-body section > *{max-width:720px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}
.art-body > section,.art-body > header{max-width:1000px}
.article figure,.article .tablewrap,.article .paper-head .abstract{max-width:1000px}
.paper-head{margin-top:40px}
.paper-head .kicker{font-size:13px;color:var(--dim);max-width:720px;margin:0 auto}
.paper-head h1{max-width:860px;margin:18px auto 0;font-size:clamp(32px,4vw,52px);line-height:1.08;letter-spacing:-.03em}
.paper-head .authors{max-width:720px;margin:20px auto 0;color:var(--muted);font-size:15px}
.abstract{margin:48px auto 0;padding:28px clamp(20px,3vw,36px);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:10px;background:var(--bg-2)}
.article .abstract h2{display:block;font-size:13px;font-weight:500;letter-spacing:.06em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--dim);margin:0}
.abstract p{margin-top:12px;font-size:16.5px;line-height:1.7;color:var(--text);font-weight:300;max-width:none}
.article section{margin-top:72px}
.article h2{font-size:clamp(24px,2.4vw,30px);font-weight:400;letter-spacing:-.015em;display:flex;gap:16px;align-items:baseline}
.article h2 span{font-size:15px;color:var(--red);font-weight:500;min-width:20px}
.article h3{margin-top:40px;font-size:19px;font-weight:500;letter-spacing:-.01em}
.article p{margin-top:16px;font-size:17px;line-height:1.75;color:#c9c9c6}
.article p b,.article p strong{color:var(--text);font-weight:500}
.article em{font-style:italic;color:var(--text)}
.article ul,.article ol:not(.refs){max-width:720px;margin:16px auto 0;padding-left:22px;color:#c9c9c6;font-size:17px;line-height:1.7}
.article li{margin-top:8px}
.article a{color:var(--text)}
.article .m{font-family:var(--mono);font-size:.88em;color:var(--text)}
.article .cite{color:var(--muted);text-decoration:none;font-size:.85em;white-space:nowrap}
.article .cite:hover{color:var(--red)}
.article figure{margin:44px auto 0;padding:0}
.article figure .fig-svg{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;background:var(--bg-2);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:10px;padding:clamp(8px,1.5vw,18px)}
.article figcaption{max-width:860px;margin:14px auto 0;font-size:14px;line-height:1.6;color:var(--muted)}
.article .katex-display{margin:24px auto;overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden;padding:4px 0;max-width:720px}
.article .katex{font-size:1.08em;color:var(--text)}
.article .tablewrap{margin:36px auto 0;overflow-x:auto}
.article table{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:14px}
.article caption{caption-side:top;text-align:left;font-size:14px;line-height:1.6;color:var(--muted);padding-bottom:12px}
.article th,.article td{padding:10px 12px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);text-align:left;vertical-align:top}
.article th{font-weight:500;color:var(--dim);font-size:12.5px}
.article td{color:#c9c9c6}
.article td.m,.article td:nth-child(n+3){font-family:var(--mono);font-size:13px}
.article td.b{color:var(--text);font-weight:600}
.article tr.hot td{color:var(--red)}
.article .callout{margin:32px auto 0;max-width:720px;padding:20px 24px;border-left:2px solid var(--red);background:var(--bg-2);border-radius:0 8px 8px 0}
.article .callout p{margin-top:8px;font-size:16px}
.article .callout p:first-child{margin-top:0}
.article .repro{font-size:15px;color:var(--muted)}
.references{margin-top:96px;padding-top:40px;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}
.refs{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:28px auto 0;max-width:820px;counter-reset:none}
.refs li{display:flex;gap:16px;padding:12px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.55;scroll-margin-top:110px}
.refs .rn{flex:none;width:28px;text-align:right;color:var(--dim);font-family:var(--mono);font-size:12.5px;padding-top:2px}
.refs .rb{min-width:0;color:var(--muted);overflow-wrap:anywhere}
.refs .ra{color:#c9c9c6}
.refs .ry{color:var(--muted)}
.refs .rt{color:var(--text)}
.refs .rv{font-style:italic}
.refs .rl{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;color:var(--dim);font-family:var(--mono);font-size:12px;text-decoration:none;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line-2)}
.refs .rl:hover{color:var(--text)}
.refs li:target{background:var(--bg-2)}
.refs li:target .rn{color:var(--red)}
/* long inline formulas break at relations and operators instead of widening the page */
.article p .katex,.article li .katex{white-space:normal}
.article p .katex .base{white-space:nowrap}
.article{overflow-x:clip}

/* article structure */
.progress{position:fixed;top:0;left:0;right:0;height:2px;z-index:30;pointer-events:none}
.progress i{display:block;height:100%;background:var(--red);transform:scaleX(0);transform-origin:left;transition:transform .1s linear}
.toc{position:sticky;top:96px;max-height:calc(100vh - 120px);overflow-y:auto}
.toc .back{display:inline-block;margin-bottom:28px}
.toc-h{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:.06em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--dim);margin:0 0 12px}
.toc ol,.toc-m ol{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}
.toc li a,.toc-m li a{display:flex;gap:10px;padding:5px 0 5px 12px;border-left:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--muted);text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;line-height:1.35;transition:color .2s,border-color .2s}
.toc li.l3 a,.toc-m li.l3 a{padding-left:26px;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--dim)}
.toc li a span,.toc-m li a span{flex:none;min-width:18px;color:var(--dim);font-family:var(--mono);font-size:11.5px;padding-top:1px}
.toc li a:hover{color:var(--text)}
.toc li a.on{color:var(--text);border-left-color:var(--red)}
.toc li a.on span{color:var(--red)}
.back-m,.toc-m{display:none}
@media(max-width:1100px){.art-grid{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr)}.toc{display:none}.back-m{display:inline-block}
  .toc-m{display:block;order:-1;margin:32px auto 0;max-width:720px;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:10px;padding:14px 18px}
  .toc-m summary{cursor:pointer;color:var(--muted);font-size:14px}.toc-m ol{margin-top:12px}}
.art-body h2,.art-body h3{scroll-margin-top:100px}
.art-body section{scroll-margin-top:90px}
.art-body h3 .hn{color:var(--dim);font-weight:400;margin-right:12px;font-family:var(--mono);font-size:.82em}
.glance{margin:20px auto 0;max-width:1000px;padding:24px clamp(20px,3vw,36px);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:10px}
.glance-h{margin:0!important;font-size:13px!important;letter-spacing:.06em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--red)!important;font-weight:500}
.glance ol{list-style:none;margin:14px 0 0;padding:0;display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(260px,1fr));gap:14px 32px;max-width:none;counter-reset:g}
.glance li{counter-increment:g;position:relative;padding-left:30px;margin:0;font-size:15px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--muted)}
.glance li::before{content:counter(g);position:absolute;left:0;top:1px;font-family:var(--mono);font-size:12px;color:var(--dim)}
.glance li b{color:var(--text);font-weight:500}
.eq{position:relative;max-width:720px;margin:0 auto}
.eq .katex-display{margin:22px 0;padding-right:44px}
.eqn{position:absolute;right:0;top:50%;transform:translateY(-50%);font-family:var(--mono);font-size:12.5px;color:var(--dim)}
blockquote.legal{margin:24px auto 0;max-width:720px;padding:18px 22px 18px 24px;border-left:2px solid var(--line-2);background:var(--bg-2);border-radius:0 8px 8px 0}
blockquote.legal cite{display:block;font-style:normal;font-family:var(--mono);font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--dim)}
blockquote.legal p{margin-top:8px!important;font-family:Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;font-size:17px!important;line-height:1.6;color:var(--text)!important}
.callout .ch{margin:0!important;font-size:12px!important;letter-spacing:.06em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--red)!important;font-weight:500}
.callout.practice{border-left-color:var(--text)}
.callout.practice .ch{color:var(--text)!important}
.citethis{margin-top:72px!important}
.citethis pre{margin:16px auto 0;max-width:720px;overflow-x:auto;padding:18px 20px;background:var(--bg-2);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:10px;font-family:var(--mono);font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.6;color:#c9c9c6}
.citethis h2,.references h2{font-size:22px}
.article .glance ol{margin:14px 0 0;padding:0;max-width:none}
.paper-head .kicker,.paper-head .authors,.paper-head h1{max-width:860px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}